玉米自交系昌7-2对丝黑穗病抗性改良的初步研究

将旅大红骨种质导入黄改代表系昌7-2中,研究其对昌7-2玉米丝黑穗病抗性的改良效果。结果表明,旅大红骨种质总体上有利于提高玉米自交系昌7-2对丝黑穗病的抗性,可作为对昌7-2丝黑穗病抗性改良的可用抗源。其中玉米自交系丹598、辽1213对其改良的效果更为明显。     

滨州市夏玉米丝黑穗病发生原因及防治对策

从气候条件、播种时间、玉米品种、种植密度、秸秆还田、化学防治、栽培方式7个方面系统地分析了滨州市玉米丝黑穗病大发生的原因。根据滨州市的实际情况,提出了以推广抗病品种和应用玉米种衣剂包衣为主的综合防治方法,以促进该地区玉米生产。     

基于文献计量分析我国玉米黑穗病研究现状

以《中国期刊全文数据库》的数据为检索对象,采用文献计量学的方法,从年度载文量、核心作者群、合作度、主要产出单位及区域、期刊分布等方面对玉米丝黑穗病研究文献进行统计,进一步分析国内该领域的研究热点从而揭示近10a来我国对玉米丝黑穗病研究的现状和发展趋势     

水稻粒黑粉病研究进展

稻粒黑粉病已经成为杂交稻制种田的重要病害。目前国际上关于稻粒黑粉病的研究总体看来还较少,也存在较多的争议。主要回顾和总结了国内外对水稻粒黑粉病的研究情况,对发病症状、病原物及其分类地位、生物学特性、病害循环与侵染机制、发病因素与病害流行、分级标准和综合防治进行了综述,同时探讨了目前关于该病害研究所存在的争议及以后值得研究的方向。     

水稻对稻曲病抗性的分级及相应级别的产量损失

对24个水稻品种(系)与稻曲病抗性有关的3个主要组分(病穗率、平均每穗病粒数、每千粒含病粒数)进行主成分分析;用线性回归法分析衡阳具代表性的14个水稻品种产量损失率与平均每穗病粒数的关系;以中选组分用欧氏距离和最长聚类法对101个品种进行聚类.结果表明:平均每穗病粒数为主要抗性组分;14个品种的产量损失率与平均每穗病粒...     

Detection of head blight (Fusarium ssp.) in winter wheat by color and multispectral image analyses

The use of camera vision to automatically detect head blight (scab) on wheat ears could provide information about the severity of this dangerous disease and help meet future food traceability requirements. Fusarium spp. is dangerous for both human and animal consumption and the ability to monitor symptom location and severity before the harvested product is further processed or stored could help determine whether the grain is fit for human/animal consumption, for bio-conservation, or is completely unusable.To generate various infection levels, field trials were conducted in 2008 and 2009 using wheat varieties with differing levels of susceptibility to the disease; plots were artificially infected with a spore suspension. A color (red, green, and blue) and a multispectral (red, infrared) camera system with real-time image analysis software were developed and compared to detect disease symptoms in the plots.The chlorophyll defect of the infected wheat ears was classified against the image background by setting binarization thresholds. The result was a black and white image. Single pixels or tiny clusters of pixels not belonging to the symptoms were eliminated by setting an area threshold. For both systems, a linear correlation was found between the camera and the visually detected disease levels of the wheat ears in the plots.In the non-infected control plots without disease symptoms, the multispectral system accurately measured “no disease” even though the digital color system detected too much infection (i.e., a false positive). The multispectral system showed a superior calibration capacity. While the color system had to calibrate for each variety, the multispectral system used only one calibration step before starting the measurements.     

新鲜荔枝果挥发性成分检测分析

[目的]检测新鲜荔枝果的挥发性成分.[方法]采用以顶空固相微萃取法(Head Space Solid-Phase Micro-Extractions,HS-SPME)萃取新鲜荔枝果的挥发性物质,并用气相色谱质谱(Gas Chromatgraphy-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)联用法对其进行检测.[结果]从新鲜荔枝果挥发性成分中总共检测出25种成分,主要是由倍半萜烯和烷烃类组成.占总峰面积达3;以上的有8种,占总峰面积73.85;.其中主要是反式石竹烯(Trans-caryophyllene)(23.75;).[结论]检测出峰面积占总峰面积的1;以上的有16种化合物.     

玉米丝黑穗病抗性遗传规律应用分析

用不同抗性的自交系配制了97份杂交组合,通过分析杂交种发病率与双亲发病率的关系,发现要配制玉米丝黑穗病发病率小于25%的杂交种,组合中至少1个亲本的发病率不能大于10%,且双亲抗性越强越好。     

稻曲病病粒数对水稻产量影响分析

2008年以千重浪为试验品种研究稻曲病病粒数多少对水稻产量损失和病穗产量结构的影响。结果表明,稻曲病的发生对每穗总粒数及离病粒较远的健粒影响较小,病粒的多少与单穗实粒重、产量损失率有较大的相关性,病粒的存在强烈影响着接近主轴粒的健粒千粒重,并使病穗空秕率上升,千粒重下降,最终影响水稻产量。     

2种杀菌剂对籼粳交水稻品种‘甬优12’稻曲病防治效果及机理研究

为探明高效杀菌剂用药量和防治时期对水稻稻曲病的防治效果及防治机理,研究了2种杀菌剂的3个用药量和8个用药时期对籼粳交水稻品种‘甬优12’稻曲病的防效。结果表明,在推荐用量范围内对稻曲病防治效果较好,随着用量上升防效有提高趋势,但除喜奥300 g/hm~2用药量防效显著低于其他处理外,用药量不是影响防效的关键因素;2种杀菌剂在破口前20天就开始具有一定防效,越接近开花期,防效越明显,破口后防效开始呈下降趋势,其中喜奥在齐穗期后防效下降较为迅速。因此认为,稻曲病在侵染‘甬优12’的关键时期是在开花期,可选用长效高效杀菌剂,于破口前进行防治。